idahojae.blogg.se - Indian polity by laxmikant

O Devices of direct democracy - Referendum, recall, plebiscite, Initiative O American conti was first to begin with preamble O Socialist, Secular and integrity words added to Preamble in 42nd Amendment act 1976 O Imp table on 3.11 Lxmikant for features borrowed from different sources  Presence of nominal and real executives  Promotion of World peace and welfareof mankind  Had safeguards for minorities, tribals, Dalits, OBCs  Has provision for FR like speech, suppression etc

O Part 3 and 4 together forms conscience of constitution O Constitution adopted on 26th Nov 1949 with some imp articles came into force on same day

 Elected Rajendra Prasad as first President  Adopted national flag and anthem, Song  Ratified India’s membership to Commonwealth O When Assembly met as legislative body, G V Malvankar presided over it O Rajindra Prasad and H C Mukharjee first President and Vice president O Enforceable included in part 3 and non-enforceable included in part 4 Justifiable Rights and Non-justifiable rights. O This committee divided fundamental rights into two parts viz.

Sapru Committee recommendations on Fundamental Rights 1945.

O Hence it has indirectly elected and nominated members O Princely states nominated their representative O each community elected their representative in provincial assembly which in turn elected members for constituent assembly

O Constituted under ‘Cabinet mission’ Plan in 1946 1919- extended to Sikh, Anglo-indian, Christian, Europeans.Lord Mountbatten became first Gov Gen of Independent India and C Rajagopalchari last Gov Gen.Granted princely states freedom to join any state or stay independent.Assemblies to adopt any constitution and repeal any act including those act  Indian Independence Act 1947(Mountbatten Plan) Provided for RBI, Federal PSC, Federal Court.Diarchy abolished and provided provincial autonomy.Indian federation with Federal list and Provincial List.For the first time bicameralism and direct election introduced in India.

Separated central and provincial lists which further divided in transferred dn reserved (Dual admin at provinces). Government of India act 1919 (Montford reforms) System of separate electorate for Muslim (Lord Minto known as Father of Communal Electorate.Satendra Prasad Sinha became first Indian in Viceroy’s executive council.Increased number of nonofficial in central and provincial Legislative council with some increased powers like discussing budget.In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council-the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.Nomination for Indian in Legislative council for first time.Gov gen became viceroy, new office of Secretary of state created with council of India for is assistance.Macaulay committee on Indian Civil services appointed.Separated legislative n executive function of Gov Gen.Ended commercial activities of EIC and monopoly over trade.William Bentick is first Gov Get of India.Monopoly of EIC abolished except tea and china trade.powers to the Governor General to override his council and subordinate governors of other presidencies.Court of Director (Commercial) and Board of Control(Political affairs).Gov of Bengal termed Gov Gen of Bengal and Bombay & Madras presidencies subsumed under him.Polity Prelim Notes (Laxminkant and Tests)